Гендерні аспекти психології художньо обдарованої особистості

Abstract

Здійснено теоретичне обґрунтування проблеми тендерних аспектів психології художньо обдарованих осіб. Подано результати вивчення особистіших цінностей художньо обдарованих жінок та чоловіків; здійснено порівняльний аналіз рівнів художньої оригінальності образотворчих робіт у жіночих і чоловічих групах; охарактеризовано гендерт чинники експертної оцінки образотворчої роботи. The article is devoted to the problem of gender and metagender aspects of psychology of the person gifted in arts. Femininity and masculinity within art and aesthetic context are considered. The expediency of introduction of the term «metagender» is proved. The model of creative functioning of the person gifted in arts is created. Empirical studying of gender aspects of psychology of the person gifted in arts is carried out. Values orientations of persons gifted in arts are presented. The research has shown the high importance of existential values (in particular, creativity, beauty) for persons gifted in arts, compared with men and women of control groups. Indicators of personal qualities of persons gifted in arts, irrespective of being female or male, on some scales (empathy, sensitivity) are closer to typical indicators of women, and on other (autonomies) are closer to typical indicators of men. Intersexual distinctions of values in group of persons gifted in arts are less than in the control group. Distinctions of art originality of graphic works in female and male groups are investigated. Ambiguous dependence of art originality level of graphic work on the author’s sex are studied and analyzed. In art education sphere ten years’ girls show higher indexes of originality, than ten years’ boys; 15 years’ girls - approximately identical indexes with coevals-young men; students-men - higher indexes than students-women. Out of art education sphere girls and women show higher average indexes of art originality than boys and men. Distinctions do not reach the statistical importance level. Although the obtained data display tendencies concerning investigated dependence, this data do not give the bases to consider the author’s sex to be a factor of art originality of graphic work. External and internal barriers on a way of professional self-realization of women and men gifted in arts are analyzed. An important point of self-realization of the artist is achievement of professional success. Under identical conditions the success is easier reached by a man, than by a woman. The general barriers for men and women on a way of achievement of success are financial problems and competition. For women also external barriers are sexism and discrimination in professional sphere as well as deficiency of time in connection with performance of family duties. Internal psychological barriers on a way of self-realization for women first of all are uncertainty, dependence on the social environment and authorities, insufficiency of motivation of professional self-affirmation; for men - inadequate self-estimation, conflictness, insufficiency of motivation of self-knowledge (accordingly - motivations of self-correction). Internal and considerable external barriers for women cause that they more often, than men, underestimate their abilities, insufficiently develop them as professionals. Gender factors of expert estimation of pictures are revealed. Empirical research has shown that the estimation of art originality of a picture is higher in case if the expert is informed that the author is a man; the expert estimation is lower in case of being informed that the author is a woman.