Культура писемного мовлення у школах Галичини міжвоєнного періоду ХХ ст.

Abstract

У статті описано історичний досвід навчання учнів у галицьких школах міжвоєнного періоду ХХ ст. Методологічною основою дослідження стали праці вчених-методистів, теоретичний аналіз методичної літератури. Мета статті полягала у дослідженні стану писемного мовлення в українських школах Галичини міжвоєнного періоду, в аналізі процесу формування культури усного та писемного мовлення. Проаналізовано роль вибору теми у процесі розвитку культури писемного мовлення, методи перевірки письмових робіт. Зроблено порівняння усного та писемного мовлення учнів третього класу гімназії міжвоєнного періоду ХХ ст. У статті зроблено висновки про чинники, від яких залежить формування культури писемного мовлення. The article describes the historical experience of teaching students in schools of Galicia during the interwar period of the twentieth century. The works of scientists specializing in teaching methods and the theoretical analysis of literature are the methodological basis of the research. The objective of the article is to study the state of writing in Ukrainian schools in Galicia during the interwar period, as well as to analyze the process of creating a culture of oral speech and writing. The author notices that the study of stylistics was a special part of learning the native language. Then she emphasizes that the style is the last phase of complete learning of native language. The level of assimilating the knowledge of native language, the practical usage of acquired knowledge and the level of human intelligence can be assessed on examining the style. The role of choosing the theme in the development of writing culture is analyzed. Methodists encouraged choosing themes that students can understand, imagine, are experienced in, including themes from their immediate environment. It was emphasized that in practice neither spelling exercises, no written works provide the correct writing. Only by checking and correcting mistakes, the teacher can train the skills of correct writing. In schools of Galicia, various forms of correcting errors were used: errors underlining, strikethrough, lining out an entry, prescribing errors and more. All forms had one goal - to draw attention of students to mistakes, make them understand the right variants. The comparison of oral speech and writing skills of the second year high-school students during the interwar period of the XXth century was made in this article. The factors that affect the formation of writing culture are analyzed in the article. Keywords: language education, writing, writing culture, student, school, learning methods.