Теоретичні аспекти писемного мовлення (зарубіжний досвід)

Abstract

У статті розглянуто теоретичні аспекти писемного мовлення. На основі зарубіжних наукових джерел проаналізовано основні сфери застосування писемного мовлення. Обґрунтовано необхідність вивчення основних тенденцій розвитку культури писемного мовлення з метою формування комунікативної компетенції. Досліджено основні моделі писемного мовлення: спонтанне писемне мовлення, епічне писемне мовлення, концептуальне писемне мовлення, журналістське писемне мовлення, наукове писемне мовлення, літературний письмовий переклад.Theoretical aspects of writing, based on the foreign experience, are concerned in this article. Speech culture in German is studied at different levels; the tendency of researching the oral speech in practice gains priority as well. Because of the language declination, pessimistic thoughts occur in scientific literature. Taking into account the technical innovations of modern communication, many scientists prove the end of letter-writing culture and even the culture of writing at all. Actuality of investigating the writing is stipulated by subjective consciousness of writing that is manifested in fundamental writers’ motion. Based on the foreign scientific resources, the main spheres of writing are analyzed. The necessity of studying the main tendencies of developing the culture of writing to form the communicative competence is substantiated. Nowadays different types of writing (writing in school, literature, every day writing, and written fixed private communication) are developing based on special principles. However, in times of changing the forms of communication, it is necessary to study the writing properly, in particular the culture of writing. The reduced need for writing is caused by increasing the mechanization of communication: verbal communication through telephone is increasingly replacing the individual private correspondence; on the other hand, there is less need for private writing because of a broad range of modern communication options. The main models of writing are researched: spontaneous writing, epic writing, conceptual writing, journalistic writing, scientific writing, and literary translation. Spontaneous writing is characterized by the internal impulse, by fixing the thoughts arising unexpectedly. Conceptual writing requires the thematic targeting, searching the language means according to the language situation. The brief playback information process to the public characterizes the writing in journalism. Academic writing requires the greatest objectivity and methodological consciousness to use correctly the language tools. The literary written translation of original texts is considered the important model of writing. Key words: writing, model of writing, communicative competence.